Lesi sivumelwano siyigxathu elingakaze libonwe ngaphambili lokunqanda ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki emhlabeni wonke.U-Patrizia Heidegger ubika esegunjini lenkomfa le-UNEA eNairobi.
Ukushuba kwesimo kanye nesasasa egunjini lenkomfa kuyabonakala.Isonto nengxenye lezingxoxo ezishubile, ngokuvamile kuze kube sekuseni, zazilele ngemva kwezihambeli.Izishoshovu nabameli bahlala bethukile ezihlalweni zabo.Beze eNairobi, eKenya, kuMhlangano wesihlanu we-UN Environmental Assembly (UNEA) ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ohulumeni bayavumelana ngesinqumo osekuyiminyaka eminingi besebenzela kuso: lo mbhalo uphakamisa ukuthi kusungulwe i-International Negotiating Committee (INC) ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga. esibophezela ngokusemthethweni, isivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe sokunqanda ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki.
Lapho uMongameli we-UNEA u-Bart Espen Eide, uNgqongqoshe Wezemvelo waseNorway, echofoza i-gavel futhi ememezela isinqumo esamukelwe, kuqhume ihlombe lokugubha kanye nokujabula egunjini lenkomfa.Impumuzo igcwele ebusweni kwabayilwela kanzima, abanye behlengezela izinyembezi zenjabulo.
Isilinganiso senkinga yokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki
Bangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-460 amathani epulasitiki akhiqizwa minyaka yonke, ama-99% avela kuphethiloli.Okungenani amathani ayizigidi ezingu-14 aphelela olwandle minyaka yonke.Ipulasitiki yenza ama-80% ayo yonke imfucumfucu yasolwandle.Ngenxa yalokho, kubulawa izilwane zasolwandle eziyisigidi minyaka yonke.Ama-Microplastic atholakale ezinhlotsheni eziningi zasemanzini, egazini lomuntu kanye ne-placenta ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.Cishe u-9% kuphela wepulasitiki osetshenziswa kabusha futhi amanani okukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke aqhubekile nokukhula unyaka nonyaka.
Ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki kuyinkinga yomhlaba wonke.Imikhiqizo yePlastiki inamaketango okunikezwayo kanye nenani lomhlaba wonke.Imfucumfucu yepulasitiki ithunyelwa kuwo wonke amazwekazi.Udoti wasolwandle awunamingcele.Njengokukhathazeka okuvamile esintwini, inkinga yepulasitiki idinga izixazululo zomhlaba wonke neziphuthumayo.
Kusukela iseshini yayo yokwethulwa ngo-2014, i-UNEA ibone izingcingo ezinamandla ngokuqhubekayo.Iqembu lochwepheshe kudoti wasolwandle nama-microplastics lasungulwa ngesikhathi salo sesithathu.Ngesikhathi se-UNEA 4 ngo-2019, izinhlangano zezemvelo kanye nabameli baphokophela kanzima ukuthola isivumelwano esimayelana nesivumelwano - futhi ohulumeni behlulekile ukuvumelana.Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, igunya lokuqala izingxoxo liwukunqoba okukhulu kwabo bonke labo bakhankasi abangakhathali.
Igunya lomhlaba wonke
Umphakathi ubulokhu ulwa kanzima ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igunya lithatha indlela yomjikelezo wempilo ehlanganisa zonke izigaba zokukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki, ukusetshenziswa, ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokulawulwa kwemfucuza.Isinqumo sidinga ukuthi isivumelwano sikhuthaze ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa okusimeme kwamapulasitiki, okuhlanganisa nokwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo, futhi kugqanyiswe izindlela zomnotho eziyindilinga.Umphakathi womphakathi uphinde wagcizelela ukuthi lesi sivumelwano kumele sigxile ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki kanye nokuvimbela imfucuza, ikakhulukazi ukuqedwa kwamapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye: ukuvuselela kuphela ngeke kuxazulule inkinga yepulasitiki.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, igunya lidlulela ngalé kwemiqondo yangaphambili yesivumelwano esihlanganisa udoti wasolwandle kuphela.Indlela enjalo bekuyoba ithuba eliphuthiwe lokubhekana nokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki kuzo zonke izindawo nakuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila.
Isivumelwano kuzomele futhi sigweme izixazululo ezingamanga enkingeni yepulasitiki kanye nokuwashwa luhlaza, okuhlanganisa izimangalo ezidukisayo zokugaywa kabusha, amapulasitiki asuselwa ku-bio noma abolayo noma amakhemikhali agaywe kabusha.Kufanele ikhuthaze ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezinhlelo ezingenabo ubuthi zokugcwalisa nokusebenzisa kabusha.Futhi kufanele ifake imibandela ejwayelekile yepulasitiki njengento ebonakalayo nokuba sobala, kanye nemikhawulo ezithasiselweni eziyingozi kumapulasitiki omnotho oyindilinga ongenabo ubuthi kuzo zonke izigaba zempilo zamapulasitiki.
Isinqumo sibona kusengaphambili ukuthi iKomidi liqala umsebenzi walo engxenyeni yesibili ka-2022. Ngo-2024, kuhloswe ukuthi liqedele umsebenzi walo futhi lethule isivumelwano sokusayina.Uma lowo mugqa wesikhathi ugcinwa, ungase ube ukuxoxisana okushesha kakhulu kwe-Multilateral Environmental Agreement enkulu.
Emgwaqeni (onamaqhuqhuva) ukuze ugqashule epulasitiki
Abakhankasi nezishoshovu manje bafanelwe ukugubha lokhu kunqoba.Kepha uma imigubho isiphelile, bonke labo abafuna ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki kuzofanele basebenze kanzima eminyakeni efika ku-2024: kuzodingeka balwele ithuluzi eliqinile elinezindlela zokuphoqelela ezicacile, ithuluzi elizoholela ekubambeni okukhulu. ukuncishiswa kokukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki kwasekuqaleni futhi lokho kuzonqanda inani lemfucuza yepulasitiki.
“Lesi yigxathu elibalulekile eliya phambili, kodwa sonke siyazi ukuthi indlela eya empumelelweni izoba nzima futhi inezingqinamba.Amanye amazwe, ngaphansi kwengcindezi evela ezinkampanini ezithile, azozama ukulibazisa, ukuphazamisa noma ukuphazamisa inqubo noma afune umphumela obuthakathaka.Izinkampani zikaphethiloli we-Petrochemical kanye ne-fossil kungenzeka ziphikisane neziphakamiso zokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa.Sicela bonke ohulumeni baqinisekise izingxoxo ezisheshayo nezinezifiso futhi baqinisekise izwi eligqamile lezinhlangano ezizimele zezemvelo kanye nomphakathi wonkana,” kusho uPiotr Barczak, Isikhulu Esiphezulu Senqubomgomo Ye-Waste and Circular Economy ne-European Environmental Bureau (EEB).
Abakhankasi kuyodingeka futhi baqinisekise ukuthi leyo miphakathi elinyazwa kakhulu amapulasitiki ithola indawo yokuhlala etafuleni: leyo echayeke ekungcolisweni okuvela ezitshalweni zepulasitiki kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-petrochemical, ngokulahlwa kwemfucumfucu, izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu, ukushiswa obala kwamapulasitiki, izindawo zokugaywa kabusha kwamakhemikhali nezishisi;abasebenzi abasemthethweni nabangekho emthethweni kanye nabacosha imfucuza ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwepulasitiki, okumele baqinisekiswe ngezimo zokusebenza ezinobulungiswa neziphephile;kanye namazwi abathengi, Abantu boMdabu kanye naleyo miphakathi ethembele emithonjeni yasolwandle neyemifula elinyazwa ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki nokumbiwa kukawoyela.
“Ukuthola ukuqashelwa ukuthi le nkinga idinga ukuxazululwa kuwo wonke ama-value chain epulasitiki kuwukunqoba kwamaqembu nemiphakathi osekuyiminyaka ibhekana nokwephulwa kwemithetho yemboni yepulasitiki kanye nezindaba ezingamanga.Umbutho wethu umi ngomumo ukufaka isandla ngendlela ephusile kule nqubo futhi usize ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi isivumelwano esizoba umphumela sizovimba futhi simise ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki. "
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-13-2022
